Tractor Introduction, History & Classification | IBPS AFO PrePG BHU JRF ICAR & BSc Agriculture
Topics covered under this lecture are mentioned below: Tractor self propelled machine word tractor is derived from two words traction and motor TRACTOR DEVELOPMENT History of tractor development George H. Harris Classification of tractor Based on type of construction Riding type tractors Walking type tractors Based on type of drive Track (Crawler) type tractors wheel type tractor Two-wheel tractors Three-wheel tractors Four-wheel tractors Small tractors – 15 to 25 hp Medium tractors – 25 to 45 hp Large tractors – more than 45 hp Two Wheel Tractor (Power Tiller) Three & Four Wheel Tractor Based on purpose Utility tractors All purpose tractor Orchard type tractors Garden tractors Rotary Tillers Earth Moving tractors CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD TRACTOR air cleaner wire mesh element oil reservoir pre cleaner chambers Dry air cleaner Hydraulic Control System PASCAL’s Law Basic components of hydraulic system Hydraulic pump Hydraulic cylinder and piston Hydraulic tank Control valve Safety valve Hose pipe and fittings Lifting arms POWER TAKE OFF (PTO) power take off shield PTO speed is 540±10 rpm PTO on a tractor PTO Shield PTO drive Belt Pulley Power Transmission System Power train What is gear? Functions of Power Transmission System Clutch Why clutch in a tractor is essential? Types of clutch Friction clutch Dog clutch Fluid coupling Gear and gear box Gear box of a tractor Differential unit bevel pinion Crown wheel Final drive Differential lock COOLING SYSTEM Purpose of cooling Methods of cooling Air cooled system Water cooled system A view of fins provided on the cylinder Advantages of air cooled engine Disadvantages of air cooled engine Methods of water cooling Open jacket or hopper method Thermo siphon method Forced circulation method Components of Cooling System Water pump Radiator Fan Fan-belt Water jacket Thermostat valve Temperature gauge Hose pipe DIFFERENT SYSTEMS OF IC ENGINE FUEL SUPPLY SYSTEM FUEL Calorific value of fuel Light Diesel Oil (L.D.O) High speed diesel oil (HSD) FUEL SUPPLY SYSTEM IN SPARK IGNITION ENGINE (PETROL ENGINE) Carburetor carburetion Functions of carburetor FUEL SUPPLY SYSTEM IN COMPRESSION IGNITION ENGINE (DIESEL ENGINE) Parts of Fuel Supply System Fuel tank Fuel lift pump or fuel feed pump Fuel filter Fuel injection pump High pressure pipe Over flow valve Fuel injector LUBRICATION SYSTEM Purpose of lubrication Reducing frictional effect Cooling effect Sealing effect Cleaning effect Types of Lubricants Petroleum lubricants Engine lubrication system The parts which require lubrication are Types of lubricating systems Splash system Forced feed system pressure lubrication system Study of Engine Part 3 TWO STROKE CYCLE ENGINE (PETROL ENGINE) Upward stroke of the piston (Suction + Compression) Downward stroke (Power + Exhaust) CLASSIFICATION OF HEAT ENGINES Based on Number of Cylinders Single cylinder engine Multi cylinder engine firing order CLASSIFICATION OF HEAT ENGINES Based on Cooling system used Air cooled engine Water cooled engine COMPARISON BETWEEN TWO STROKE AND FOUR STROKE ENGINES WORKING PRINCIPLE OF DIESEL ENGINE Special features of diesel engine COMPARISON OF DIESEL ENGINE WITH PETROL ENGINE TERMINOLOGY CONNECTED WITH ENGINE POWER Bore stroke Stroke-bore ratio Piston displacement swept volume Top dead centre TDC BDC Bottom dead centre Scavenging Compression ratio clearance volume Power horse power hp Indicated horse power (IHP) cross sectional area of piston Indicated power (IP) Brake horse power (BHP) Brake power (BP) Mechanical efficiency (ηmech) Belt horse power Power take-off horse power (PTO HP) PTO Drawbar horse power (DBHP) Frictional horse power (FHP) Torque what is Torque numerical on engine numerical on IC engine Study of Engine Part 2 CONSTRUCTION OF AN IC ENGINE CLASSIFICATION OF HEAT ENGINES Based on ignition of fuel Spark ignition engine (Carburetor type engines) Compression ignition engine (Injector type engines) Spark & Compression ignition engine constant volume combustion (C.V.C.) constant pressure combustion (CP.C.) CLASSIFICATION OF HEAT ENGINES Based on Working Cycle Four stroke cycle engine Two stroke cycle engine WORKING PRINCIPLE OF I.C. ENGINE(FOUR/TWO STROKE CYCLE ENGINE) FOUR STROKE CYCLE ENGINE (DIESEL/PETROL ENGINE) Suction stroke Compression stroke Power stroke Exhaust stroke bsc agriculture bsc agriculture third semester bsc ag bsc agri bsc ag second year first semester free agriculture live classes agritube agri tube agritube india agri tube India free live classes free agriculture classes free online agriculture classes free agri coaching free agriculture classes free agriculture class coaching for agriculture msc agriculture agri culture prepg icar bhu jrf plant science msc entrance agriculture ag agri horticulture horti engg ag engg agri engg agriculture engineering agricultural engineering engineering #Singh
Topics covered under this lecture are mentioned below: Tractor self propelled machine word tractor is derived from two words traction and motor TRACTOR DEVELOPMENT History of tractor development George H. Harris Classification of tractor Based on type of construction Riding type tractors Walking type tractors Based on type of drive Track (Crawler) type tractors wheel type tractor Two-wheel tractors Three-wheel tractors Four-wheel tractors Small tractors – 15 to 25 hp Medium tractors – 25 to 45 hp Large tractors – more than 45 hp Two Wheel Tractor (Power Tiller) Three & Four Wheel Tractor Based on purpose Utility tractors All purpose tractor Orchard type tractors Garden tractors Rotary Tillers Earth Moving tractors CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD TRACTOR air cleaner wire mesh element oil reservoir pre cleaner chambers Dry air cleaner Hydraulic Control System PASCAL’s Law Basic components of hydraulic system Hydraulic pump Hydraulic cylinder and piston Hydraulic tank Control valve Safety valve Hose pipe and fittings Lifting arms POWER TAKE OFF (PTO) power take off shield PTO speed is 540±10 rpm PTO on a tractor PTO Shield PTO drive Belt Pulley Power Transmission System Power train What is gear? Functions of Power Transmission System Clutch Why clutch in a tractor is essential? Types of clutch Friction clutch Dog clutch Fluid coupling Gear and gear box Gear box of a tractor Differential unit bevel pinion Crown wheel Final drive Differential lock COOLING SYSTEM Purpose of cooling Methods of cooling Air cooled system Water cooled system A view of fins provided on the cylinder Advantages of air cooled engine Disadvantages of air cooled engine Methods of water cooling Open jacket or hopper method Thermo siphon method Forced circulation method Components of Cooling System Water pump Radiator Fan Fan-belt Water jacket Thermostat valve Temperature gauge Hose pipe DIFFERENT SYSTEMS OF IC ENGINE FUEL SUPPLY SYSTEM FUEL Calorific value of fuel Light Diesel Oil (L.D.O) High speed diesel oil (HSD) FUEL SUPPLY SYSTEM IN SPARK IGNITION ENGINE (PETROL ENGINE) Carburetor carburetion Functions of carburetor FUEL SUPPLY SYSTEM IN COMPRESSION IGNITION ENGINE (DIESEL ENGINE) Parts of Fuel Supply System Fuel tank Fuel lift pump or fuel feed pump Fuel filter Fuel injection pump High pressure pipe Over flow valve Fuel injector LUBRICATION SYSTEM Purpose of lubrication Reducing frictional effect Cooling effect Sealing effect Cleaning effect Types of Lubricants Petroleum lubricants Engine lubrication system The parts which require lubrication are Types of lubricating systems Splash system Forced feed system pressure lubrication system Study of Engine Part 3 TWO STROKE CYCLE ENGINE (PETROL ENGINE) Upward stroke of the piston (Suction + Compression) Downward stroke (Power + Exhaust) CLASSIFICATION OF HEAT ENGINES Based on Number of Cylinders Single cylinder engine Multi cylinder engine firing order CLASSIFICATION OF HEAT ENGINES Based on Cooling system used Air cooled engine Water cooled engine COMPARISON BETWEEN TWO STROKE AND FOUR STROKE ENGINES WORKING PRINCIPLE OF DIESEL ENGINE Special features of diesel engine COMPARISON OF DIESEL ENGINE WITH PETROL ENGINE TERMINOLOGY CONNECTED WITH ENGINE POWER Bore stroke Stroke-bore ratio Piston displacement swept volume Top dead centre TDC BDC Bottom dead centre Scavenging Compression ratio clearance volume Power horse power hp Indicated horse power (IHP) cross sectional area of piston Indicated power (IP) Brake horse power (BHP) Brake power (BP) Mechanical efficiency (ηmech) Belt horse power Power take-off horse power (PTO HP) PTO Drawbar horse power (DBHP) Frictional horse power (FHP) Torque what is Torque numerical on engine numerical on IC engine Study of Engine Part 2 CONSTRUCTION OF AN IC ENGINE CLASSIFICATION OF HEAT ENGINES Based on ignition of fuel Spark ignition engine (Carburetor type engines) Compression ignition engine (Injector type engines) Spark & Compression ignition engine constant volume combustion (C.V.C.) constant pressure combustion (CP.C.) CLASSIFICATION OF HEAT ENGINES Based on Working Cycle Four stroke cycle engine Two stroke cycle engine WORKING PRINCIPLE OF I.C. ENGINE(FOUR/TWO STROKE CYCLE ENGINE) FOUR STROKE CYCLE ENGINE (DIESEL/PETROL ENGINE) Suction stroke Compression stroke Power stroke Exhaust stroke bsc agriculture bsc agriculture third semester bsc ag bsc agri bsc ag second year first semester free agriculture live classes agritube agri tube agritube india agri tube India free live classes free agriculture classes free online agriculture classes free agri coaching free agriculture classes free agriculture class coaching for agriculture msc agriculture agri culture prepg icar bhu jrf plant science msc entrance agriculture ag agri horticulture horti engg ag engg agri engg agriculture engineering agricultural engineering engineering #Singh